太渊 tài yuān | Suprême gouffre (Soulié de Morant 1934) Abime suprême (Chamfrault 1954) Abîme suprême (Nguyen Van Nghi 1971) Grand abîme (Lade 1994, Laurent 2000, Deadman 2003) Très grand gouffre (Despeux 2012) |
Daquan | 大 泉 [大 泉] (1) | (Guillaume 1995, Laurent 2000) |
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Taiquan | 太 泉 [太 泉] (1) | (Guillaume 1995, Laurent 2000) |
Guixin | 鬼 心 [鬼 心] (2) | (Guillaume 1995, Laurent 2000) |
(1) Guillaume 1995: Tai quan, Da quan : le Qian lin yao fang précise que pour éviter de prononcer le nom de l'empereur Li Yuan, Yuan a été remplacé par Quan. Tai 太 (Ricci 4660). Da 大 (Ricci 4621) : grand. Quan. 渊 (泉) (Ricci 1386) : source, fontaine, monnaie.
(2) Guillaume 1995: Gui xin : considéré comme le point Tai yuan par le Qian lin yao fang, le Zhen jiu da quan l'identifie comme le point Da ling- 7MC.Gui 鬼 (Ricci 2832) : âme sensitive, fantôme, revenant, spectre, démon, diable, pernicieux, malin. Xin 心 Ricci 1990) : cœur, for intérieur, milieu, centre. Laurent 2000: Gui xin 鬼心, cœur du revenant.
9P - 9PO - PO9 (Poumon)
LU.9 - LU9 (Lung)
Acupuncture | Moxibustion | Source |
Piquer vers le bord radial et la face dorsale de la main, à 0,3-0,5 distance | Cautériser 1-3 fois, chauffer 3-5 minutes. | Roustan 1979 |
Puncturer perpendiculairement entre 0,3 et 0,5 distance de profondeur | pendant 3 à 5 minutes | Guillaume 1995 |
Piquer perpendiculairement de 0,3 à 0,5 cun | Moxas : 1 à 3, chauffer 7 à 10 mn | Laurent 2000 |
Sensation
sensation de gonflement (rester sous-cutané) (Roustan 1979)
Sécurité
éviter l'artère (Guillaume 1995)
Classe d'usage | ★★ | point majeur |
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baisser la résistance des voies respiratoires | 22VC + 13V + 11V + 9P + 36E | Selon certaines publications (Guillaume 1995) |
Coqueluche | 9P + 6MC + Sifeng | Shanghai zhen jiu xue (Roustan 1979, Guillaume 1995) |
toux | 9P + 7P | Yu Long Fu (Roustan 1979) |
sécheresse de la gorge | 9P + 10P | Da Cheng (Roustan 1979, Guillaume 1995) |
Hémoptysie, frissons, vomissements de sang, reflux de Qi | 9P + 7C | Qian jin yao fang (Guillaume 1995) |
Douleur de la face interne du bras | 9P + 8P | Qian lin yoo fang (Guillaume 1995) |
Vomissements de sang | 9P 7C + 2F + 3F + 10P | Zi sheng jing (Guillaume 1995) |
Toux avec crachats de type vent | 9P + 7P | Zhen jiu ju ying, Yu long fu (Guillaume 1995) |
The origin, location, characters and clinical practice of acupoint Taiyuan were deeply concluded. This acupoint is widely applied in clinic, and worthy for furth investigation.
The ancient literature on Taiyuan (LU 9) was collected to summarize the application laws of this acupoint. One thousand TCM ancient works collected in Chinese Medical Dictionary (fourth edition) were retrieved. The literature on the indications of Taiyuan (LU 9), the indications of Taiyuan (LU 9) combined prescriptions, the laws of acupoints combination and the techniques of acupuncture and moxibustion was collected systematically and the database was set up. It is found that there are 333 provisions in compliance with the inclusive standard of Taiyuan (LU 9), 306 provisions for the treatment of disorders and 66 relevant ancient works. There are 119 provisions relevant with the indication of single Taiyuan (LU 9) , 187 provisions for the applications of the combined prescriptions and 143 acupoints for the combined acupoints. Taiyuan (LU 9) and the combined prescriptions are applied to every department in clinic, especially for the disorders of TCM internal medicine department. The combined acupoints are distributed among the fourteen meridians and extra points and had been used totally for 1142 times. Of these points, there are 9 acupoints from the lung meridian of hand-taiyin and 25 acupoints from the bladder meridian of foot-taiyang, with the highest use frequency, 195 times and 141 times respectively, accounting for 17.08% and 12.35% of the total frequency. The common pairs of combination are Taiyuan (LU 9) and Yuji (LU 10), Taiyuan (LU 9) and Lieque (LU 7) and Taiyuan (LU 9) and Taibai (SP 3). The common dose of moxibustion at the acupoint is 3 cones. The depth of insertion is 0.2 cun and the acupuncture time is two breathes.
The indications of acupoints are thought to be highly associated with the lines of the meridian systems. The present study used data mining methods to analyze the characteristics of the indications of each acupoint and to visualize the relationships between the acupoints and disease sites in the classic Korean medical text Chimgoogyeongheombang. Using a term frequency-inverse document frequency (tf-idf) scheme, the present study extracted valuable data regarding the indications of each acupoint according to the frequency of the cooccurrences of eight Source points and eighteen disease sites. Furthermore, the spatial patterns of the indications of each acupoint on a body map were visualized according to the tf-idf values. Each acupoint along the different meridians exhibited different constellation patterns at various disease sites. Additionally, the spatial patterns of the indications of each acupoint were highly associated with the route of the corresponding meridian. The present findings demonstrate that the indications of each acupoint were primarily associated with the corresponding meridian system. Furthermore, these findings suggest that the routes of the meridians may have clinical implications in terms of identifying the constellations of the indications of acupoints.
Objective To investigate the volt-ampere characteristics of point Taiyuan in hyperthyroidisin patients before and after isotope treatment. Methods The increasing and decreasing two-way volt-ampere curves of bilateral points Taiyuan and control points were detected using an intelligent detection system of acupoint volt-ampere characteristics in 25 hyperthyroidism patients and 40 healthy volunteers. The volt-ampere characteristics were compared between the patients and the healthy volunteers and between before and after isotope treatment in the patients. Results Before isotope treatment, the increasing and decreasing volt-ampere areas of bilateral points Taiyuan were smaller in the hyperthyroidism patients than in the' healthy volunteers. There was a statistically significant difference in the decreasing volt-ampere area between the two groups (P<0.01,P<0.05). In the hyperthyroids after isotope treatment, except that the decreasing volt-ampere area of the right point Taiyuan did not change on the whole, the increasing volt-ampere areas of bilateral points Taiyuan and the decreasing volt-ampere area of the left point Taiyuan made remarkable recoveries. There were no significant differences as compared with the healthy persons (all P<0.05). Conclusion The volt-ampere characteristics of point Taiyuan can more sensitively reflect the corresponding change in the energy metabolism of hyperthyroids.
Objective To observe changes in volt-ampere characteristics of point Taiyuan (LU9) and explore the relationships between these changes and those in serum FT3 and FT4 contents in hyperthyroidism patients. Methods A self-made intelligent detection system of acupoint volt-ampere characteristics was used to detect the two-way volt-ampere curves of bilateral points Taiyuan (LU9) and a control point in 56 hyperthyroidism patients and 40 healthy volunteers. The range-increasing volt-ampere areas, the range-decreasing volt-ampere areas and the differences between range-increasing and range-decreasing volt-ampere areas (inertia areas) of point Taiyuan were compared with those of the control point. The above areas of point Taiyuan and the control point were compared between the hyperthyroidism patients and the healthy volunteers. The correlations of acupoint volt-ampere characteristic parameters with serum FT3 contents were analyzed in the hyperthyroidism patients. Results The range-increasing and range-decreasing volt-ampere areas and the inertia areas of bilateral points Taiyuan were all significantly smaller than those of the control point in the hyperthyroidlism patients (P<0.05,P<0.01). The range-increasing and range-decreasing volt-ampere areas of bilateral points Talyuan and the inertia area of right point Taiyuan were also significantly smaller than those of the control point in the healthy control group (P<0.05,P<0.01). The range-decreasing volt-ampere area of left point Taiyuan was significantly smaller (P< 0.05) and the inertia area of right point Taiyuan was significantly larger (P<0.01) in the hyperthyroidism patient group than in the healthy control group. The range-increasing and range-decreasing volt-ampere areas and the inertia areas of bilateral points Taiyuan had significantly negative correlations with serum FT3 and FT4 contents in the hyperthyroidism patients (P<0.05,P<0.001). The range-increasing and range-decreasing volt-ampere areas and the right inertia areas of bilateral points Talyuan had significantly negative correlations with serum FT4 content in the hyperthyroidism patients (P<0.05,P<0.001). Conclusions Point Taiyuan has a low resistance property. The fact that the range-decreasing volt-ampere area of left point Talyuan is significantly smaller in hyperthyroidism patient than in healthy persons is related to high serum FF3 and FT4 contents and rapid energy metabolism.
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OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation of “Tianquan”(PC 2), “Quze” (PC 3), “Neiguan” (PC 6), “Daling” (PC 7) of the Pericardium Meridian on cerebral angiogenesis in cerebral ischemia (CI) rats, so as to reveal its mechanisms underlying improvement of stroke. METHODS: A total of 50 SD rats were equally randomized into normal control, sham, model, EA-Pericardium-Meridian acupoints (EA-PCM) and EA-Lung-Meridian acupoint (EA-LUM) groups. The CI model was established by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. EA (2-4 V, 20 Hz) was applied to PC 2, PC 3, PC 6, PC 7 and “Tianfu”(LU 3), “Chize” (LU 5), “Lieque” (LU 7), “Taiyuan” (LU 9) of the Lung Meridian for 30 min, once at time-points of 0 h, 6 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively after modeling. Serum nerve growth factor (NGF) and Nogo protein-A (Nogo-A) contents were assayed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and cerebral NGF and Nogo-A immunoactivity levels in the ischemic cerebral tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: (1) Compared to the normal control group, serum NGF and Nogo-A contents, and cerebral NGF immunoactivity level in the model group were significantly increased (P < 0.01). Following EA interventions, serum and cerebral NGF levels were further significantly up-regulated in the EA-PCM and EA-LUM groups (P < 0.01), while serum Nogo-A contents were down-regulated in the two EA groups (P < 0.01). The effect of EA-PCM was markedly superior to that of EA-LUM in up-regulating serum and cerebral NGF levels and down-regulating serum No- go-A level (P < 0.01). No significant differences were found between the normal control and sham groups in serum and cerebral NGF and Nogo-A levels (P > 0.05) , and among the 5 groups in cerebral Nogo-A levels (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: EA stimulation of acupoints of both Pericardium Meridian and Lung Meridian can up-regulate serum NGF, cerebral NGF expression and down-regulate serum Nogo-A in CI rats, and the effect of Pericardium Meridian is markedly superior to that of Lung Meridian, suggesting a possible better nerve repair effect of EA-PCM acupoints on ischemic brain.
Nous avons étudié les réponses rhéoencéphalographiques à la puncture de P9 (point Maître des artères et des veines) sur une dizaine de sujets sains. Le protocole d'expérimentation a comporté 4 phases durant lesquelles nous avons pratiqué un enregistrement rhéoencéphalographique : Phase 1, à l'état de repos, phase 2 lors de la puncture bilatérale de l'éminence thénar (Point sans effet acupunctural), phase 3 lors de la puncture bilatérale de P9 et phase 4 après ablation des aiguilles. La puncture du P9 s'est traduite dans les 10 cas, par une augmentation des apports sanguins cérébraux tandis que la puncture des points non spécifiques n'ont induit qu'une légère vasoconstriction, vraisemblablement secondaire au stimulus douloureux, qui augmente d'ailleurs l'effet différentiel.
To study the characteristics of human infrared radiation spectrum of acupoints , a testing device of high sensitivity was used to detect the infrared radiation spectrum from Taiyuan ( LU 9) respectively in 47 healthy persons and 50 patients with coronary heart disease. Results:The shape of infrared radiation spectrum from Taiyuan in the patients with coronary heart disease was similar to that of the healthy persons ; but there is a significant difference in radiation intensity at some wavelength between the healthy persons and coronary patients. It is revealed that the radiation intensity changes at some wavelength in coronary patients.
Objective To detect the pathological information of infrared radiation spectrum from point Taiwan on the pulse-feeling cun region. Methods A high sensitivity PHE201 body surface infrared spectrograph was used to detect 1.5 -16 p.m infrared radiation spectrum from point Taiyuan in 50 patients with coronary heart disease and 47 healthy adults. The two results were compared for analysis. Results The shape of infrared radiation spectrum from point Taiyuan was similar in the patients to in the normal persons. For some wavelengths ,there was a significant difference in infrared radiation intensity at point Taiyuan between the patients and the normal persons ( P <0 .05) . The number of wavelengths showing a significant difference in infrared radiation intensity between left point Taiyuan and non-point control spot in the normal persons was significantly more than that in the patients (P <0. 05). Conclusion Changes in the infrared radiation intensity of some wavelengths in infrared radiation spectrum from point Taiyuan on the pulse-feeling cun region carry specific pathological information.
OBJECTIVE: To study the central modulation mechanism on the relative specificity of the Heart and Lung Meridians and to provide the experimental evidence for deeply study on correlation between meridian-viscera and brain. METHODS: Ten healthy students in Anhui College of TCM were chosen and a modified block design was adopted. After 32 time points of resting and 32 of rotation needling, then 48 of resting and 32 stimulating, and 16 resting time points, functional imagings were collected at last. All the process would last for 10 min 44 sec. Acupuncture work was finished by one acupuncturist with extensive experience by acupuncture at the left Shenmen (HT 7) or Taiyuan (LU 8) with the disposable sterile stainless steel needle, and uniform reinforcing-reducing method was used with frequency of 1 Hz and depth of 1.0 cm. After the experiment, the sensation of acupuncture and the other feeling or psychic process were inquired and recorded detailedly. These data were analyzed by AFNI software. RESULTS: Acupuncture at Taiyuan (LU 8) could excite the contralateral frontal lobe, apical lobe, cerebral ganglion, VI, VIII areas and inferior semilunar lobule of cerebellum, and restrain bilateral callosal gyrus and homolateral gyrus rectus. Acupuncture at Shenmen (HT 7) could excite the contralateral IV-VIII areas of cerebellum, and homolateral VI, VII areas of cerebellum, and restrain parts of homolateral apical lobe. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture at Shenmen (HT 7) of the Heart Meridian and Taiyuan (LU 8) of the Lung Meridian can excite or restrain different brain areas, indicating that there are relatively specific corresponding brain areas for the Heart Meridian and Lung Meridian.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of manual acupuncture at Shenmen (HT7) or Taiyuan (LU9) on the attention function of the brain, and to lay an experimental foundation for researching brain function and integration mechanisms of the human brain in relation to acupuncture stimulation. METHODS: Ten healthy young college students were selected as experimental subjects. P3a and P3b potentials were induced by novel stimulation and target stimulation with vision and were observed using Neuroscan event-related potentials system at time windows of ms 330-430 or 400-600 ms for observing the change of intensity distribution of P300 after manual acupuncture at HT7 or LU9. RESULTS: The amplitude of P3a and P3b decreased significantly after manual acupuncture at HT7 or LU9, but the degree of decreases affected by the acupoints was different. The decrease of the amplitude of P3a due to acupuncture at HT7 was more significant than acupuncture at LU9 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The attention function of the brain is affected by manual acupuncture at HT7 or LU9 and manual acupuncture at HT7 has a greater influence on the attention function of the brain.
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect difference of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation of Shenmen (HT 7) and Taiyuan (LU 9) on P 300 of event-related potentials (ERPs) in volunteer subjects, so as to explore functional specificity of acupoints in processing cerebral information. METHODS: Sixty healthy volunteer college students were randomly and equally divided into Shenmen (HT 7) group and Taiyuan (LU 9) group (30 persons/group). EA (2 Hz, 1 mA) was applied to bilateral Shenmen (HT 7) and Taiyuan (LU 9) for 15 min. The ERPs were acquired by averaging EEG activity following Oddba II auditory tone-double stimuli and brain electrical activity mapping (BEAM) acquired by means of Scan 4.5 collection and analysis system. Data were calculated and analyzed with SPSS 17.0 for Windows. After testing, the subjects were inquired about the perception for acupuncture stimulation and other sensations or psychological activities. RESULTS: Following EA stimulation of both HT 7 and LU 9, the amplitude of P 300 in the ERPs were significantly decreased in comparison with pre-EA stimulation in the same one group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). No significant changes were found in the latencies of P 300 after EA stimulation of both HT 7 and LU 9 (P > 0.05). But, EA of HT 7 had a slightly stronger effect in shortening P 300 latency. With regard to the potential intensity distribution of BEAM, there were some differences between HT 7 and LU 9 groups. The high potential responses for HT 7 were found mainly in the occipital lobe, and in the left parietal lobe and the right temporal lobe, whereas those for LU 9 were found to mainly disperse in the left occipital lobe and the parietal lobe. CONCLUSION: EA stimulation of HT 7 and LU 9 has a slight difference on lowering P 300 amplitude of ERPs, and may result in different distribution of the high potential responses in different lobes of the cerebral cortex in healthy subjects. The functional specificity of EA stimulation of different acupoints needs further study.
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